中缅树鼩头骨及下臼齿几何形态与环境的关系

共选取分布于云南、贵州和广西地区的190个中缅树鼩头骨和32颗臼齿(第二、第三下臼齿),运用几何形态测量法对其头骨侧面、腹面、背面及下颌侧面的形态特征进行主成分分析、薄片样条分析,同时运用统计软件SPSS15.0对头骨和臼齿进行多维尺度分析,以探讨头骨及臼齿形态与环境之间的关系.结果表明,头骨侧面在研究多种群头骨形态时更适宜,更有参考价值;经过薄片样条法分析显示形变多集中在鼻骨和臼齿,这可能与中缅树鼩生存的气候和地理环境相适应;经多维尺度分析显示云南、贵州和广西地区的中缅树鼩头骨具有明显的地区差异,同时,对臼齿的分析显示,臼齿形态具有地区差异,这种变化可能与中缅树鼩生活环境的经度和纬度有关.综上,云南、贵州和广西地区的中缅树鼩的头骨具有形态变异,并且差异仅仅发生在种群水平,这可能反映了其对特定生态环境的形态适应.     

野生树鼩寄生虫感染调查

为了解野生树鼩的寄生虫感染状况,剖检昆明市西郊野外捕获的3只树鼩（雄性1只、雌性2只）后进行寄生虫检查。结果显示,雌性树鼩的体表和体内均未检出寄生虫,在雄性树鼩的肠道发现严重绦虫感染,共检出虫体16条,经鉴定为长膜壳绦虫（Hymenolepis diminuta）,绦虫总重量为3.4 g,占该树鼩体重的3.6%。     

不同笼具饲养树鼩繁殖效果研究

[目的]探讨不同笼具对树鼩繁殖效果的影响。[方法]在室内笼养条件下,将120只健康成年树鼩按1∶2雄雌比例,随机分成4组,配对饲养于A、B、C、D 4种笼具,进行为期一年的繁殖效果观察。[结果]笼具A,受孕46次,产仔136只,死产2窝,流产1窝,未出现外伤、死亡。笼具B,受孕42次,产仔126只,死产2窝,流产2窝,未出现外伤、死亡。笼具C,受孕21次,产仔68只,死产1窝,流产1窝,出现1外伤,未出现死亡。笼具D,受孕7次,产仔16只,死产1窝,流产1窝,出现2只外伤。[结论]笼具A、B适合作为繁殖笼;笼具C、D可作为一般饲养笼。     

瑶山亚种树鼩源嗜水性气单胞菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

为确诊广西中医药大学瑶山亚种树鼩人工驯化养殖中心的瑶山亚种树鼩发病死亡原因,并调查分离菌株的致病性与耐药情况,试验通过平板划线分离获得病原菌,进一步对分离菌进行形态观察、培养特性、生化试验及16S rRNA序列分析,纯化获得一株致病性嗜水性气单胞菌;利用昆明小鼠的致病性试验测定了该分离菌株的半数致死量（LD₅₀）,利用药敏纸片法分析该分离株对常用药物的敏感性,并应用PCR方法进行菌株耐药基因的检测。结果显示,从病死瑶山亚种树鼩分离到一株嗜水性气单胞菌,镜检显示为革兰氏阴性菌,形态呈短杆状。该菌16S rRNA序列与日本淡水湖源嗜水性气单胞菌SWCY-3.27株同源性高达100%,遗传进化关系最近。该分离菌对成年昆明小鼠的LD₅₀为1×10⁷ CFU,毒力高于模式菌株ATCC 7966,近似于中国流行株NJ-35和J-1等,致病性试验鉴定该菌为强毒力菌株。生化鉴定七叶苷、阿拉伯糖、氧化酶呈阳性,各种生化鉴定符合嗜水气单胞菌生化特性。药敏检测显示,该菌株对米诺环素、链霉素、妥布霉素等9种药物敏感,对四环素、红霉素、青霉素等10种药物耐药。以PCR扩增基因方法对分离菌进行6类12种耐药基因的检测,发现分离菌存在氨基糖苷类（Aph-（3）-lia）和β-内酰胺类（mecA）两类抗生素的耐药基因,与药敏试验结果基本吻合。本研究结果表明,引起此次树鼩死亡的病原菌为嗜水性气单胞菌,可用高敏药物进行针对性治疗,为防治嗜水性气单胞菌感染导致的树鼩疾病提供参考依据。     

中缅树鼩孟德尔性状纯化方法的研究

【目的】寻找中缅树鼩孟德尔性状的适宜纯化方法。【方法】以Rife-Buranamanas母子性状组合频率定律鉴别了中缅树鼩8种孟德尔性状的遗传机制；以群体遗传学和概率矩阵方法探讨了动物克隆、超数排卵与胚胎移植、“理想型横交”和多元测交四种选育体制对中缅树鼩驯化群孟德尔性状纯化和保持一般的遗传多样性的效率。【结果】在中缅树鼩基因组背景下，野生型毛色、暗色眶缘、白色腹毛、有季节性红斑、肉色掌底皮肤、非竖耳、圆尾和对称乳房是显性孟德尔特征；对于规模既定的群体而言，不同体制下一代间淘汰率之比也就是近交增量、基因多样度损失量之比；就性状纯化的效应而言，多元测交体制优于“理想型横交”。以普通果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）野生型和3个突变种为试验材料，模拟树鼩的纯化选育，取得了吻合于理论探讨的结果。【结论】本文认为多元测交体制是较好的纯化方法。     

The Genetic Polymorphism Analysis in Tree Shrew(T.belangeri chinensis) based on Fluorescent Microsatellite

A total of 10 fluorescent labeling microsatellite markers detected by capillary electrophoresis were selected to analyze the genetic diversity of tree shrew(T.belangeri chinensis).Microsatellite Toolkit and PopGene softwares were used to calculate the genetic correlation indexes to assess the genetic diversity of the population.64 alleles with 6.4 alleles per locus were identified among 10 microsatellite loci.The average effective number of alleles, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and polymorphic information content were 3.7892, 0.6156, 0.6963, and 0.6367, respectively.Seven of all loci were high polymorphic, and three were moderate polymorphic.Five loci extremely significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P<0.01).These novel polymorphic microsatellite markers indicated high genetic diversity, which will be used to evaluate genetic diversity in tree shrew.     

树鼩的人工饲养与管理

树鼩归属于灵长目与食虫目之间独立的目——树鼩目，已被广泛应用于医学和生物学研究中。然而目前国内外用于实验研究的树鼩主要来自野外捕捉；也未见有关树鼩批量人工繁育的文献报道。作者通过16对树鼩的繁育来摸索树鼩的人工饲养与管理方法，繁育出了一定数量的G1后代。本文将从树鼩的饲养环境与笼舍设备、饲料与饲喂方法、饲养管理的基本要点以及不同生理周期采取的不同饲养技术和管理方法等方面进行详细地介绍。     

广东省北树鼩分布

2014年10月30日,调查人员在广东省阳春松柏镇境内(22°24'55.33"N,111°50'08.96"E,海拔106 m)发现北树鼩(Tupaia belangeri)1只,并用数码相机拍摄了动物照片.经鉴定,该动物属北树鼩瑶山亚种(T. b. yaoshanensis).建议将其列为广东省重点保护野生动物;进一步开展野外种群调查;并考虑建立人工繁育种群.     

Morphological characterization of Horsfield’s treeshrew Tupaia javanica lingual papillae: Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy studies

The Horsfield's treeshrew (Tupaia javanica) is one of the shrews found on the island of Java that mainly feeds on fruits and occasionally insects. This shrew has an important role in the ecosystem as it spreads plant seeds and controls insects. To this day, there is no available knowledge about the structure of Horsfield's treeshrew's tongue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide data on the tongue structure of the Horsfield's treeshrew through two different methods. We investigated the tongue morphology and lingual papillae distribution of Tupaia javanica using 1) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for microscopic structure and 2) histology for microscopic organization. Our macroscopic results revealed that the tongue of Tupaia javanica can be divided into three parts: apex, corpus and radix. The dorsal surface of the medial corpus is the median groove extending to the radix. Observation using SEM and light microscopy (LM) showed that the apex of the tongue bears three types of papillae: scale-like filiform, small filiform and fungiform. These are rosette filiform papillae, cornflower filiform papillae, conical papillae and fungiform papillae in the corpus. Meanwhile, the radix contains small filiform papillae, scale-like filiform papillae, vallate papillae, conical papillae and fungiform papillae. On the lateral posterior radix, Weber's gland reacts positively to PAS reaction. Taking together, our research shows that there are variations in the papillae on the tongue surface of Horsfield's treeshrew, and the variations of these papillae are very dependent on the pattern, type of food and the function of the tongue.